What does it really mean to be intelligent? Ron Ritchhart presents a new and powerful view of intelligence that moves beyond ability to focus on cognitive dispositions such as curiosity, skepticism, and open mindedness. Arguing persuasively for this new conception of intelligence, the author uses vivid classroom vignettes to explore the foundations of intellectual character and describe how teachers can enculturate productive patterns of thinking in their students. Intellectual Character presents illustrative, inspiring stories of exemplary teachers to help show how intellectual traits and thinking dispositions can be developed and cultivated in students to promote successful learning. This vital book provides a model of authentic and powerful teaching and offers practical strategies for creating classroom environments that support thinking.

Ron Ritchhart is research associate at Project Zero, Harvard Graduate School of Education, where he has worked on a number of projects focusing on the development of thinking, understanding, and creativity in schools. He is a recipient of the Presidential Award for Excellence in Teaching Mathematics and of the 1999-2000 Spencer Dissertation Fellowship. Ritchhart is author of several books, including Making Numbers Make Sense, Through Mathematical Eyes, and Pythagoras Bow Tie. He is coauthor and coproducer of the Creative Classroom Series.

List of Tables, Figures, and Exhibits xiii

Foreword: Six Intellectual Characters in Search of an Author xv
David Perkins

Preface xxi

Acknowledgments xxvii

The Author xxix

Part One: The Case for Intellectual Character

1 Failing at Smart: Or Whats an Education For? 3

2 Rethinking Smart: The Idea of Intellectual Character 12

3 Acting Smart: How Thinking Dispositions Close the Ability-Action Gap 33

Part Two: Fostering Intellectual Character in Our Schools

4 First Days, First Steps: Initiating a Culture of Thinking 55

5 Thinking Routines: Creating the Spaces and Structures for Thinking 85

6 Language and Thinking: Prompting, Priming, and Patterning 115

7 Thought-Full Environments: Sustaining a Culture of Thinking 145

Part Three: Moving Toward the Ideal of Intellectual Character

8 Beyond Technique: Where Teaching for Intellectual Character Begins 179

9 Three Lessons: What to Keep in Mind about Teaching for Intellectual Character 209

10 Some Practical Advice: How to Get Started Teaching for Intellectual Character 229

Appendix 249

Notes 267

References 283

Index 293