This volume addresses controversies connected to the testing of the capacities and potentials of mediums. Today we commonlyassociate the term "medium" with the technical communication between transmitters and receivers. Yet this term likewise applies tothose who cooperate with agencies that exceed the presumed domain of the material world. Insofar as one presumes a divisionbetween distinctly opposed categories of religion and the secular, technical media tend to be associated with the secular and human(trance) mediums tend to be associated with religion after 1900. This volume concerns the ways in which the termmedium still marks an overlapping of - and thus problematizes - the aforementioned division between religion and the secular, thepersonal and the technological. The term medium carries with it a seed of doubt that is itself inseparable from investment in the medium's power: insofar as theycommunicate with an "other" realm, mediums offer the hope and promise of new possibilities and improved efficiency, and thus of abetter life; yet they have simultaneously been under suspicion of altering (or even inventing) the messages they communicate. It is dueto this combination of promise and suspicion that "mediumism" has tended to evoke scientific, religious, and moral controversies. Thus,we can speak of a "mediumistic trial" - that is, a process in which a medium is put to the test concerning its potentials andtrustworthiness. Around 1800, experts were asked if a modern secular institution would be capable of inspiring, domesticating orexcluding trance mediumship. This question has stayed with us ever since, and the answers have remained inconclusive. That is whythe past and present of mediumship may be asked to elucidate each other.

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Voss Ehler, Universität Siegen Daniel C. Barber, Pace University