In heaven, we will meet our friends: this was one of the most conspicuous expectations Christians had, and continue to have, of life after death. While the theme as such is almost as old as Christianity, it came to flourish only in early-modern times, peaking in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This book explores how the rediscovery and development of the ‘meeting again’ theme by authors such as John Bunyan and Emanuel Swedenborg and by the artist William Blake created a specifically modern heaven. Giving priority to an eternity of continuing earthly passions and family ties, the modern notion of heaven contrasts with earlier, God-centred notions of an eternal saintly solitude spent contemplating God in ‘beatific vision’.

Bernhard Lang, born in 1946, taught religious studies at the Universities of Tübingen, Mainz, and Paderborn (Germany) from 1978 to 2011 as well as at the Sorbonne in Paris and at the University of St Andrews (Scotland). He published a variety of books and was awarded an honorary degree of Doctor of Theology by the University of Aarhus (Denmark) in 2008.

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