In this book, the effect of heat load on fluid friction factor for laminar flow of a 2D axisymmetric straight pipe is analyzed. Some clever assumptions are made on the Navier-Stokes equations to derive analytic expressions for computing the friction factor for fluid flow in a corrugated pipe in terms of average velocity, pressure drop and the discharge of fluid. The coupled momentum and energy equations are simultaneously solved numerically using the finite element package Comsol Multiphysics. A theoretical velocity profile is derived for fluid flow in a pipe with arbitrary number of layers as a result of the heat load on the pipe wall. A new geometry for computing the friction factor in fluid flow that takes care of the instabilities in the solution in a periodically corrugated pipe is developed in Comsol Multiphysics. It is shown numerically that heat load on fluid flow decreases the friction factor in corrugated hoses. Finally we introduce bubbles into the flow and study its effects on the friction factor.

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Ir. P. R. Nyarko MSc. did his graduate studies at TU Kaiserslautern, Germany and TU Eindhoven, the Netherlands. He holds double master degrees in Industrial and Applied Mathematics and Mathematics International. Currently he is researching into Buruli Ulcer for his PhD at KNUST and lectures mathematics at Kumasi Polytechnic.