Educational reforms have become very important in modern media, particularly since independence. In the years immediately after independence attention was directed towards basic and elementary education. Experts devoted much thought to improve particularly elementary education and experts suggested various methods. One such was the Modified Scheme of Education introduced by C. Rajagopalachari when he was Chief Minister of Madras State. This scheme was Kula Kalvi Thittam. According to this scheme of education of children should suite the traditions of each community and caste. That is, education was to be imparted as per the communal tradition so as to enable the children to be in touch with the vocation of the forefathers or even the family crafts. Upon this scheme scholars and leaders hold diametrically opposite views. However, the scheme was only applicable to elementary schools in rural areas. Basic schools and primary schools in urban areas were not covered under the scheme.

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Dr. Selvamani Ponnaiyan is at present an Assistant Professor in Department of History, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar- Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu- India. Prior to this, she started her teaching career as a Part-time Lecturer in Central Law College, Salem and as Guest Faculty Lecturer in History in Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli.