The genusSalvia represents nearly 1,000 species that are widely distributed around the world. It is the largest in theLamiaceae family. Traditionally, infusions ofSalvia species have been widely used to treat oral inflammation, throat and headaches, and digestive disturbances in various folklore- and ethno-medicine practices worldwide. The antispasmodic, antiseptic and hypoglycemic effects of their extracts have been recognized by the ancient healers a long time ago before the development of modern medicine. With the advances in phytochemistry and pharmacology, terpenes, polyphenols and volatile compounds have been recognized as the source of bioactivity inSalvia extracts. Nowadays, because of their valuable pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties, manySalvia species have been widely used as ingredients in food, pharmacy and cosmetic industries. The economic importance ofSalvia plants continues to increase, following closely the growing interest to the concept for modern healthy lifestyle, based on prevention by consuming quality foods and nutraceutical supplements of natural origin.

However, the growing demand has led to overexploitation of natural habitats and in the last few years many wild growingSalvia species have shrunk or fallen under threat. Obviously, to deal with that problem and to prevent ecological crisis, there is an urgent need for alternative, renewable sources ofSalvia biomass. Plant biotechnology can provide a wide range of tools for development of economically feasible continuous production of standardized valuable phytochemicals. Plantin vitro culture technology is a powerful method for continuous production of plant secondary metabolites under controlled conditions, recently adapted to variousSalvia species.Salvia in vitro systems are harmless to natural plant populations and can be grown independently of environmental factors, geographical latitude, climatic change, and seasonal variations. Several bioactive metabolites from rare and endangeredSalvia plants can be produced by employing different plantin vitro systems. However, the researches on development of large scale biotechnology, based onSalvia in vitro systems, are still in early stages and many points still have to be addressed before the commercialization to take place.

In this book we intend to summarize the recent achievements in research withSalvia in vitro systems as biological matrixes for the production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites. Further we invited leading experts to present their recent studies on phytochemistry, ethnobotanical and ethnophamacological aspects of genusSalvia. Safety and legal issues related to implementation ofSalvia plants andin vitro cultures extracts in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical products will be discussed as well.

Dr. Vasil Georgiev obtained his PhD at The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 2009. He is an expert on bioprocess engineering and secondary metabolites production by plant cells, tissue and organ cultures, functional genomics, metabolite profiling, development and improvement of plant in vitro production platforms. In 2011 he was awarded by the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences with the Prof. Marin Drinov prize for the outstanding research in biological sciences. Dr. Georgiev did postdoctoral research at Florida A&M University, USA (2012-2016). Since 2016, he is Associate Professor in the Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology at The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology BAS and also joined the Department of Organic Chemistry at the University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Prof. Atanas Pavlov completed his PhD in biotechnology at the Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy ofSciences in 1998. From 2003 to 2005, he did postdoctoral research at the Institute of Food Technologies and Bioprocess Engineering, University of Technologies, Dresden, Germany. In 2005, he joined The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences as an Associate Professor. In 2009, he received his habilitation (DSci) and is since 2010 a Professor at the Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology. Since 2011 he also holds a second Professor position at the University of Food Technologies on Plovdiv, Bulgaria. His research is mainly focused on the production of specific bioactive metabolites by plant cell, tissue and organ cultures.

Salvia spp: An updated on antioxidant activity and pharmacological uses.- European species of genus Salvia: secondary metabolites, pharmacological properties and biological activity.- Chia - Tiny, but mighty.- Composition of volatile compounds in Salvia sp., grown in Bulgaria and their biological activities.- Screening of Salvia leaves surface microflora for lactobacteria with potential application in development of new high-quality functional dairy products.-  Anticancer activity of Salvia miltiorrhiza.- Salvia divinorum a psychoactive plant with pharmacological potential.- Bioactive Constituents of Anatolian Salvia Species.- Salvia cell culture: a terrific factory of bioactive compounds.- Optimization of the production of rosmarinic acid in Salvia officinalis and Salvia dolomitica cell biomass with several biotechnological approaches.- Bioactivities of differentiated Salvia in vitro cultures.- Micropropagation of African Salvia species.- Molecular Markers in Salvia: Past, Present andFuture.- Genetic engineering and manipulation of metabolite pathways in Salvia plants- under correspondence.